One common point of view is that there are two main types of maps:. For ease of describing functionally quite different maps; and to explain what can be confusing differences; we have opted to use a greater number of map types. To read more on these topics:. It must be noted that even this is a simplistic approach as there are often overlapping features between maps.
For example, a topographic map may be used to show the distribution of a native orchid therefore it is both a topographic and thematic map or may be used to show features of particular interest to tourists topographic, general reference and thematic. All of these map types may be a unique, stand-alone, map with no relationship to other maps or they may be part of a series of related maps, these are generally called Series Maps.
Topographic Maps illustrate elevation with the use of contour lines and spot elevations. Planimetric Maps show features such as roads, buildings, water, fences, vegetation, bridges, railroads. Digital planimetric mapping provides accurate yet simple horizontal distance measurement. Applications are varied. They include planning for new projects as well as assessment of existing properties by government tax agencies, maintenance agreement by service companies, and cataloguing of assets by utility companies.
Learn how to find the distance between two points by using the distance formula, which is an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Map reading and map drawing are important skills to learn in geography. Maps use symbols like lines and different colours to show features such as rivers, roads, cities or mountains. Cadastre is a technical term for a st of records showing the extent, value and ownership or other basis for use or occupancy of land.
Strictly speaking, a cadastre is a record of areas and values of land and of landholders that originally was compiled for purposes of taxation. Planimetric Control. A survey in which a sequence of bearing and distance of lines between points on the. Generally conducted using survey Total Station and Target Prism. Also called control traverse. Shaded relief maps show features on the surface, such as mountains, valleys, plateaus, and canyons.
Areas that are flat or have few features are smooth on the map , whereas areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough. The maps were generated using a computer and a database of elevations for the state.
You can figure out the elevation of any point by finding the nearest labeled line, counting the number of lines above or below it, multiplying by the contour interval, and adding or subtracting the result from the nearest marked contour line. The more closely spaced the contour lines, the steeper the slope. In a nutshell, topographic maps allow you to see a three-dimensional landscape on a two-dimensional surface.
These maps show the land's contours, elevations, mountains, valleys, bodies of water, vegetation and more. This contour and elevation information distinguishes them from other maps. In modern mapping , a topographic map or topographic chart is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines, but historically using a variety of methods.
Topographical Features Examples include mountains, hills, valleys, lakes, oceans, rivers, cities, dams, and roads. Elevation - The elevation, or height, of mountains and other objects is recorded as part of topography. It is usually recorded in reference to sea level the surface of the ocean. Topographic maps are an important tool because they can represent the three-dimensional landscape in two dimensions.
A person who can read a topo map can find out the location of peaks, valleys, ridges and saddles, among other land features. Topographic Map Legend and Symbols Brown lines — contours note that intervals vary Black lines — roads, railroads, trails, and boundaries.
Red lines — survey lines township, range, and section lines Blue areas — streams and solid is for larger bodies of water. Green areas — vegetation, typically trees or dense foliage. These maps are used for a number of applications , from camping, hunting, fishing, and hiking to urban planning, resource management, and surveying. The most distinctive characteristic of a topographic map is that the three -dimensional shape of the Earth's surface is modeled by the use of contour lines.
Hikers, campers, snow skiers, city and county planners, the Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, miners, loggers, highway planners and construction workers, travelers, surveyors, geologists, engineers, and scientists are just a few of the people who use topographic maps. Physical maps show the physical features of a place, which can be identified using the symbols shown in the map's key or legend.
Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation change. Globes show the world as it is, as a sphere.
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